Persistent barriers to major expansions, particularly Saudi Arabia’s longstanding insistence on concrete progress toward a Palestinian state before normalization, continue to limit near-term additions to the Abraham Accords. Despite U.S. pressure under the second Trump administration—including May 2026 calls urging Saudi Arabia, Qatar, and others to join amid Iran-related diplomacy—responses ranged from dismissal to outright refusal, with Riyadh pursuing separate civilian nuclear cooperation decoupled from Israel ties. Syria explicitly declined participation, while recent accessions like Kazakhstan in late 2025 involved countries with preexisting diplomatic relations. With only months remaining before 2027 and no verified bilateral agreements imminent, traders assign the highest implied probability to no new country formalizing entry.