Canada's federal government has maintained aggressive reductions in temporary resident admissions under the 2026-2028 Immigration Levels Plan, slashing new student and worker targets by roughly 40% from 2025 levels to accelerate the decline of non-permanent residents toward the official 5% population cap by late 2027. Statistics Canada data through Q1 2026 already show consecutive quarterly contractions—the largest on record outside pandemic periods—driven by net outflows of temporary residents that more than offset modest permanent resident inflows and negative natural increase. Projections from the Parliamentary Budget Officer and official estimates indicate these outflows will produce flat or negative annual population growth for 2026, exceeding prior benchmarks set during earlier policy shifts. Ongoing enforcement of permit caps and processing restrictions continues to shape the trajectory, with limited offsetting factors such as births or permanent immigration expected to alter the scale of the annual decline.