Canada’s federal government has sharply curtailed temporary resident admissions under the 2026–2028 Immigration Levels Plan, setting a target of 385,000 new arrivals in 2026—down 43 percent from 2025—with further reductions planned for 2027–2028. Permanent resident targets have also been stabilized at 380,000 annually. These measures aim to lower the non-permanent resident share of the total population below 5 percent by the end of 2027. Statistics Canada data already show a 0.1 percent quarterly decline in the first quarter of 2026, driven by net outflows of non-permanent residents that have offset low natural increase. Parliamentary Budget Officer projections indicate flat or near-zero annual population growth for the full year, reflecting the cumulative impact of tighter work and study permit caps amid earlier rapid expansion of temporary inflows.