Israel conducted airstrikes on Iran's fortified Fordow uranium enrichment facility near Qom during Operation Rising Lion in June 2025, targeting its deep underground centrifuges, followed by U.S. B-2 bomber strikes using GBU-57 bunker-busters that reportedly set back operations by up to two years, though satellite imagery later showed resumed activity and no radiation leaks per IAEA reports. The current U.S.-Israel air campaign against Iran, launched February 28, 2026, has hit other nuclear sites like Bushehr—prompting Russian evacuations on April 4—and missile infrastructure amid Iranian retaliatory barrages. Israeli officials signal potential escalation to energy facilities including refineries, while Fordow's hardening poses ongoing challenges without further U.S. support; traders eye diplomatic breakthroughs or proxy attacks as key catalysts.