Canada's federal government has implemented tighter immigration targets for 2026, including sharp reductions in new student and temporary worker arrivals alongside stabilized permanent resident admissions at 380,000. These measures seek to lower the share of non-permanent residents below 5% of the total population by year-end, producing net outflows that offset inflows from permanent immigration. Official projections from the Parliamentary Budget Officer indicate flat overall population growth for 2026 following the first recorded annual decline in early data releases. Natural increase remains low amid aging demographics and subdued birth rates, creating a narrow balance where modest revisions in permit extensions or outflows could determine whether year-end figures register higher or lower than 2025 levels.